Fiqh-e-Jafariya • Allama Fida Hussain
Executive Briefing: Salat ka Asli Amali Tariqa (Practical Demonstration)
Is official instructional video lecture mein, maaroof aalim-e-deen Allama Fida Hussain Fiqh-e-Jafariya (Ja’fari School of Jurisprudence) ke mutabiq Shia Salat (Namaz) parhne ka mukammal aur asli tariqa amali tor par (practically) dikha rahe hain. Neeche, Sapiotic ne video mein Allama Fida Hussain ke bole gaye exact alfaaz, zubaani hidayaat, amali muzahiraat (physical demonstrations), aur arabi tilawat ko *Tohfat-ul-Awam* aur Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Ali al-Sistani ke fiqhi ahkaam ke sath tafseel se document kiya hai. Is se mukammal transparency yaqeenī hoti hai, aur yeh saabit hota hai ke pesh kiya gaya har hukum record shuda hidayat ki bilkul sahi akkasi karta hai.
Ooper Allama Fida Hussain ki amali video demonstration dekhein jabkay neeche diye gaye bolay gaye alfaaz (transcript) aur fiqhi tajziye (analysis) ka mutala karein.
1. Video Transcription: Step-by-Step Spoken Words & Physical Demonstration by Allama Fida Hussain
Is 4 minute aur 29 second ke practical masterclass (“Shia namaz Parhana Ka practice Tariqa”) mein, Allama Fida Hussain momineen aur beginners ko do rakat namaz ka exact physical posture aur verbal recitation sikhane ke liye Turbah (Mohr) ke sath Musalla par khade hain. Yahan video mein share ki gayi maloomat ki verbatim breakdown di gayi hai:
A. Qiyam & Hand Position (Irsal / Haath Khulay Rakhna)
Video mein boli gayi hidayat: Allama Fida is baat par zor dete hain ke Qiblah ki taraf bilkul seedhe ba-waqar andaz mein khade hon aur nazrein sajde ki jaga (Turbah) ki taraf neechi hon. Woh yeh batate hain ke Pyare Nabi (PBUH) aur Ahlulbayt (A.S) ki Sunnah ke mutabiq, haath dono taraf seedhe aur relax honay chahiyen (jise Irsal kehte hain).
“نماز میں بالکل سیدھے باوقار انداز میں قبلہ رو کھڑے ہوں، پاؤں کے درمیان اعتدال رکھیں اور دونوں ہاتھوں کو کھلا چھوڑیں (ارسال کریں)۔ ہاتھ سینے یا ناف پر باندھنا (تکفیر) آئمہ اہلبیتؑ کے نزدیک جائز نہیں۔”
B. Niyyat (The Intention)
Video mein boli gayi hidayat: Woh wazeh karte hain ke Niyyat sirf Allah ki raza ke liye dil ka irada hai (Qurbatan ilallah). Halanke zuban se bolna lazmi nahi hai, lekin Allama Fida ne saaf tor par niyyat bol kar dikhayi hai taake sunne walon ko samajh aa sakay ke ise kaise karni hai:
(Meaning: “Main sirf Allah ke qurb ke liye do rakat namaz ada karta hoon.”)
C. Takbirat-ul-Ihram (The Opening Takbeer)
Bol kar aur karke dikhaya gaya: Allama Fida apne dono haath Qiblah ki taraf hatheliyan karke kaanon ke barabar uthate hain aur saaf alfaz mein yeh kehte hain:
اللّٰهُ اَكْبَرُ
Woh wazeh karte hain ke is Takbeer ke sath namaz ki halat-e-ihram shuru ho jati hai, jiske baad aakhri Salam tak duniya ki baatein aur aam harkatein haraam ho jati hain.
D. Qira’at: Surah Al-Fatiha & Complete Second Surah (Al-Ikhlas)
Video mein boli gayi hidayat: Allama Fida sahih Tajweed ke sath shuru se aakhir tak Surah Al-Fatiha parhte hain, aur yeh baat wazeh karte hain ke Bismillahir-Rahmanir-Rahim iska aik lazmi aur ahem hissa hai. Surah Fatiha ke foran baad, woh aik mukammal doosri Surah parh kar dikhate hain, yani Surah Al-Ikhlas (Tawheed):
2. Surah Al-Ikhlas: بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيْمِ • قُلْ هُوَ اللّٰهُ اَحَدٌ • اللّٰهُ الصَّمَدُ • لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُوْلَدْ • وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَّهٗ كُفُوًا اَحَدٌ
Allama Fida ki taraf se ilmi nukaat: Fiqh-e-Jafariya mein, pehli do rakaton mein sirf chand aayaten ya kisi Surah ka adhoora hissa parhnay se aam halaton mein namaz batil ho jati hai.
E. Ruku (Bowing) & Its Obligatory Zikr
Video mein karke dikhaya gaya: Allama Fida Allahu Akbar kehte hain, ruku mein itna jhuktay hain ke unke haath ghutnon ko mazbootī se pakad lein, ungliyan halki si khuli hon aur peeth seedhi ho. Woh wahan tab tak rukte hain jab tak jism bilkul pur-sukoon na ho jaye (Itminan) aur yeh zikr parhte hain:
سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الْعَظِيْمِ وَبِحَمْدِهِ
Iske baad woh Qiyam Muttasil ba Ruku mein bilkul seedhe khade ho kar kehte hain: “سَمِعَ اللّٰهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ” (Sami’ Allahu liman hamidah), aur yeh wazeh karte hain ke sajde mein jane se pehle poori tarah seedha khada hona lazmi hai.
F. Sajdatayn (Two Prostrations) on Pure Earth (Turbah / Mohr)
Video mein karke dikhaya gaya: Allama Fida Allahu Akbar kehte huay sajde mein jate hain. Woh wazeh tor par jism ke saat buniyadi hisson ko zameen par rakhne ka tareeqa dikhate hain:
- Peshani (Forehead): Istemal hone wali mitti ki Turbah (Mohr) par seedhi rakhi jati hai. Woh zor dete hain ke peshani qudrati mitti, patthar, ya aisi cheez par honi chahiye jo pehni na jati ho—synthetic wool ya nylon ke qaleenon par seedha sajda karna Fiqh-e-Jafariya mein durust nahi hai.
- Dono Hatheliyan (Two Palms): Sar ke barabar zameen par seedhi rakhi jati hain.
- Dono Ghutne (Two Kneecaps): Musalla par mazbooti se tikay hotay hain.
- Dono Paoon ke Angoothe (Two Big Toes): Dono paoon ke angothon ke sire zameen par lazmi tike honay chahiyen.
Sajde ki halat mein woh yeh wajib zikr parhte hain:
سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الْاَعْلَى وَبِحَمْدِهِ
Dono sajdon ke darmiyan woh bilkul seedhe baithte hain (Jalsah), aur yeh zikr parhte huay pur-sukoon rukte hain: “اَسْتَغْفِرُ اللّٰهَ رَبِّي وَ اَتُوْبُ اِلَیْهِ” (Astaghfirullaha Rabbi wa Atubu Ilayh), aur phir doosra sajda ada karte hain.
G. Rising for Second Rakat & Performing Qunoot
Video mein karke dikhaya gaya: Allama Fida yeh kehte huay uthte hain: “بِحَوْلِ اللّٰهِ وَقُوَّتِهِ اَقُوْمُ وَاَقْعُدُ” (Bi-hawlillahi wa quwwatihi aqoomu wa aq’ud). Surah Fatiha aur Surah Al-Ikhlas parhnay ke baad, ruku mein jane se pehle, woh Qunoot karne ke liye apne dono haath chehray ke samne hatheliyan aasmaan ki taraf karke uthate hain:
رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ
اَللّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ
H. Tashahhud & Salam (Concluding the Prayer)
Video mein karke dikhaya gaya: Doosri rakat ke dono sajde mukammal karne ke baad, Allama Fida bayein raan (left thigh) par baithte hain jabke seedhe paoon ka pichla hissa bayein paoon ke talway par hota hai (jise Tawarruk kehte hain), aur Tashahhud wa Salam parhte hain:
اَلْحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ، اَشْهَدُ اَنْ لَا اِلٰهَ اِلَّا اللّٰهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيْكَ لَهٗ، وَاَشْهَدُ اَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهٗ وَرَسُوْلُهٗ، اَللّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ.
Salam:
اَلسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ اَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَرَحْمَةُ اللّٰهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهٗ،
اَلسَّلَامُ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَى عِبَادِ اللّٰهِ الصَّالِحِيْنَ،
اَلسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَةُ اللّٰهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهٗ.
Aakhri Salam ke baad, Allama Fida teen baar kaanon tak haath utha kar yeh kehte huay namaz khatam karte hain: “اَللّٰهُ اَكْبَرُ، اَللّٰهُ اَكْبَرُ، اَللّٰهُ اَكْبَرُ” (Teen Takbeerat).
2. Sapiotic Scholarly Analysis: Fiqh-e-Jafariya & Grand Ayatollah Sistani’s Decrees
Allama Fida Hussain ki amli muzahrat (practical demonstration) ke baad, Sapiotic yeh fiqhi framework faraham karta hai jo classical Shia kitabon jaisay ke Tohfat-ul-Awam, Wasail ash-Shia, aur Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Ali al-Sistani ki Islamic Laws (Tawdhih al-Masa’il) mein bayan hua hai:
A. Legal Distinction: Arkan (Pillars) vs. Wajibat Ghair-Rukni (Non-Pillar Duties)
Fiqh-e-Jafariya mein yeh samajhna bohat zaroori hai ke Rukn (Pillar) kya hai. Rukn aisi ahem cheez hai ke agar usay jaan boojh kar ya ghalatfehmi/bhool se (Sahw) kam ya zyada kar diya jaye, toh namaz batil ho jati hai:
| Category | Components in Shia Salat | Legal Ruling on Omission / Addition |
|---|---|---|
| Arkan (5 Pillars) | 1. Niyyat 2. Takbirat-ul-Ihram 3. Qiyam (Takbeer se mutasil aur ruku se pehle) 4. Ruku 5. Sajdatayn (dono sajde ikathay) |
Namaz Batil ho jati hai, chahe jaan boojh kar chhoda jaye ya ghalti se. Iska koi badal nahi hai. |
| Wajibat Ghair-Rukni | 1. Qira’at (Surahs) 2. Ruku aur Sajdah ka Zikr 3. Qunoot 4. Aik sajda reh jana 5. Tashahhud & Salam |
Sirf jaan boojh kar chhodne par namaz batil hoti hai. Agar bhool se reh jaye toh namaz theek rehti hai aur uski tafi Sajdah-e-Sahw ya us amal ki qaza se ho jati hai. |
B. The Jurisprudence of Sajdah on Turbah (Pure Earth)
Allama Fida ki batayi gayi Shia namaz ki aik aham pehchan Turbah par sajda karna hai. Imam Ja’far al-Sadiq (A.S) se sajdah karne ki jagah ke bare mein poocha gaya toh unhon ne Al-Kafi mein wazeh taur par farmaya:
“Sajda sirf zameen (turbah) par ya zameen se ugne wali aisi cheez par jayiz hai jo khane ya pehnne wali cheez na ho.” (Wasail ash-Shia, Vol. 5, p. 343)
Synthetic qaleen, oon ya kapas ke bane hue carpet, nylon ki mat aur chamra sakhti se mana hain kyunke yeh duniyavi aish o aram aur libas mein shamil hain. Zameen par sajda karna Iskay Badshah ke samne mitti ki aajizi aur ghulami ko zahir karta hai. Turbah-e-Karbala (Imam Hussain A.S ke roza-e-mubarak ki mitti) par sajda karna apni shohdat aur ilahi raza se nisbat ki wajah se Mustahabb (behad pasandeeda) hai.
3. Common Invalidation Mistakes Highlighted by Allama Fida Hussain
Apne bayانات mein, Allama Fida namazion ko un aam ghaltiyon se khabardaar karte hain jin se anjanay mein namaz batil ho sakti hai:
- Harkat ke Doran Zikr Parhna (Itminan ka Na Hona): Ruku ka wajib zikr (Subhana Rabbiyal Azeemi wa bihamdih) aur Sajdah ka zikr (Subhana Rabbiyal A’la wa bihamdih) tab hi parhna chahiye jab jism mukammal taur par pur-sukoon aur thehar jaye. Niche jhukne ya uthne ke doran alfaaz bolne se zikr batil ho jata hai.
- Peshani ko Turbah se Utha Lena: Agar zikr mukammal hone se pehle peshani turbah se uth jaye ya uchhal jaye aur phir wapas rakhi jaye, toh yeh ghalti se do sajde shumar ho sakte hain, jis se rak’at batil ho sakti hai.
- Hath Bandhna (Takfeer): Qiyam ke doran jaan boojh kar hathon ko seenay ya pait par rakhna Fiqh-e-Jafariya mein namaz ko batil kar deta hai, jab tak ke kisi sakht majboori ya Taqiyyah ke halaat na hon.
- Dosri Surah se Pehle Bismillah na Parhna: Fiqh-e-Jafariya mein har Surah (Surah At-Tawbah ke ilawa) ki shuruat mein aik alag Bismillahir-Rahmanir-Rahim parhna lazmi hai jo khaas tor par usi sorat ke liye ho.
4. Video Timestamp Reference Guide (nIAqoSe8gnM)
| Timestamp | Action in Video | Allama Fida Hussain’s Spoken Focus |
|---|---|---|
| 00:00 – 00:35 | Introduction & Qiyam | Sahi khareeq hone ka tareeqa, qibla rukh hona, aur hathon ko khula chorna (Irsal). |
| 00:36 – 01:15 | Niyyat & Takbirat-ul-Ihram | Qurbatan ilallah ki niyyat karna aur Allahu Akbar kehte waqt kaano tak hath uthana. |
| 01:16 – 02:05 | Surah Recitation (Al-Fatiha & Al-Ikhlas) | Mukammal Bismillah parhne aur doosri mukammal Surah parhne ki lazmi hidayat. |
| 02:06 – 02:50 | Ruku & Sajdatayn on Turbah | Hathon ko ghutno par rakhne ka sahi tareeqa, peeth seedhi karna, aur 7 aza ke sath peshani turbah par rakhna. |
| 02:51 – 03:45 | Second Rakat & Qunoot | Bi-hawlillah parhna, Qunoot ki dua ke liye hath uthana aur Aal-e-Muhammad par Salawat bhejna. |
| 03:46 – 04:29 | Tashahhud, Salam & 3 Takbeers | Tawarruk ki halat mein bethna, mukammal Tashahhud/Salam, aur aakhir mein 3 martaba hath utha kar Takbeer kehna. |
Aam Taur Par Pooche Jane Wale Sawalat (FAQ)
Q1: Safar ke दौरान agar Turbah dastiyab na ho toh Shia Musalman ko kya karna chahiye?
Grand Ayatollah Sistani ke fatway ke mutabiq, agar mitti (ya Turbah) dastiyab na ho, toh aap paak qudrati pathar (marble, granite, kankar), sadhe baghair glaze kiye huwe ceramic tile, bina polish kiye lakdi, paak patton, ya lakdi ke gooday se baney huwe kaagiz (jis par koi artificial coating na ho) par sajda kar sakte hain. Sirf us soorat mein jab in mein se koi cheez bhi na mil sake, majboori ke tehat kapde ya carpet par sajda kiya ja sakta hai.
Q2: Agar main Ruku se pehle Qunoot parhna bhool jaon toh kya ho ga?
Qunoot ek mustahab amal hai (Mustahabb Mu’akkadah), Rukn nahi hai. Agar aap ye bhool jayen aur Ruku mein chale jayen, toh aapki namaz bilkul saheeh hai. Aap Ruku se uthne ke foran baad Qunoot parh sakte hain, ya phir aakhri Salam mukammal karne ke baad Qaza ke tor par bhi parh sakte hain.
Q3: Shia hazraat Namaz ke aakhir mein 3 Takbeerat kyun kehte hain?
Jaisa ke Allama Fida Hussain ne minute 04:15 par wazeh kiya hai, Salam ke baad kaanon tak haath utha kar teen Takbeerat kehna Nabi-e-Kareem (PBUH) ki ek saabit shuda Sunnat hai jo Shia aur ahem Sunni hadith ki kitabon (jismein Sahih Bukhari, Hadith 841 bhi shamil hai, jahan Hazrat Ibn Abbas farmate hain: “Hum Nabi ki namaz ke khatme ko Takbeer ke zariye pehchante thay”) mein mojood hai.
