Digambara vs. Svetambara: The Great Schism over Monastic Robes and Gender Soteriology

Dr. Julian Vance & Sapiotic Engineering Group

September 6, 2026

Executive Briefing: The Sky-Clad and White-Clad

Around the 3rd century BCE, the Jain community divided into Digambara (“sky-clad” / naked monks practicing absolute non-possession) and Svetambara (“white-clad” monks wearing simple white cotton garments).

1. Mallinatha: The Dispute over Female Enlightenment

Svetambaras hold that 19th Tirthankara Mallinatha was a woman who attained full liberation, while Digambaras maintain women must be reborn as men to attain final Moksha due to clothing requirements.

2. References

  1. Jaini, P. S. (1991). Gender and Salvation: Jaina Debates on the Spiritual Liberation of Women. University of California Press.

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